Records of the Three Kingdoms
Liu Shan, courtesy name Gongsi, childhood name Adou, was Liu Bei’s son by Lady Gan. He was born in Jing Province in 207. Zhao Yun protected him at Changban. In 223 Liu Bei died at Yong’an. Liu Shan became emperor at seventeen, opened the Jianxing reign, enfeoffed Zhuge Liang as Marquis of Wuxiang, and had him open a headquarters. Matters great and small went to Zhuge Liang first.
After Zhuge Liang died, Jiang Wan, Fei Yi, and Jiang Wei in turn carried the army and the government. Liu Shan trusted the eunuch Huang Hao. While Dong Yun lived, Huang Hao did not dare much. After Dong Yun’s death Huang Hao’s power rose. In 263 Wei invaded. Jiang Wei held Jian’ge. Deng Ai came from Yinping onto the Chengdu plain. Qiao Zhou, the household counselor, urged surrender. Liu Shan opened the city and submitted to Deng Ai. He was moved to Luoyang and made Duke of Anle.
Pei Songzhi quotes the Han Jin chunqiu: Sima Zhao feasted him and had the old Shu music played. Others grieved. Liu Shan laughed as before. Asked whether he missed Shu, he said it was pleasant here and he did not think of Shu. Xi Zheng told him to perform grief the next time. He did, and when Sima Zhao asked again he said Xi Zheng had taught him the line. That passage is not in Chen Shou’s main text. Liu Shan died in Luoyang in 271.
Romance of the Three Kingdoms
The novel makes him, from childhood, a boy who must be rescued: Zhao Yun’s repeated charges at Changban, Lady Sun trying to take him to Jiangdong, Zhang Fei and Zhao Yun cutting them off on the river. Liu Bei throwing Adou to the ground belongs to the same tradition.
After the accession the book gives the sensible decisions to Zhuge Liang, Jiang Wan, and Fei Yi, and writes the later reign as Huang Hao’s intrigue with Jiang Wei outside. At the surrender Qiao Zhou insists, and Liu Shan leaves the city. At the Luoyang feast “I do not think of Shu” becomes proof that he has no heart. The conversation in the histories comes from a work quoted by Pei. The novel fixes it as the last emperor’s character.
Reference: Wikipedia · Liu Shan